Medieval and Gothic Art:

1. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179): A medieval abbess, mystic, and composer, Hildegard produced illuminated manuscripts that combined religious texts with intricate illustrations.

2. Matthias Grünewald (c. 1470-1528): Grünewald was a Renaissance painter known for his intense and emotional depictions of religious subjects, such as the Isenheim Altarpiece.

Northern Renaissance: 3. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Often referred to as the "Leonardo of the North," Dürer was a prolific artist, printmaker, and mathematician. He created masterful engravings, woodcuts, and paintings, including "Melencolia I."

Baroque and Rococo Art: 4. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750): While primarily known as a composer, Bach's work in music is often associated with the Baroque period, which produced ornate, highly detailed art and architecture.

Romanticism: 5. Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840): Friedrich is one of the most prominent figures of German Romanticism. His landscapes, such as "Wanderer above the Sea of Fog," evoke a sense of awe and introspection.

19th-Century Art: 6. Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841): An architect, painter, and city planner, Schinkel contributed to the development of Neoclassical and Romantic architecture.

7. Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904): A portrait painter associated with the Munich School, Lenbach was renowned for his lifelike and often glamorous portraits of prominent figures.

Expressionism: 8. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938): Kirchner was a founding member of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) art movement, which played a pivotal role in the development of Expressionism in Germany.

9. Emil Nolde (1867-1956): Nolde was another significant Expressionist painter known for his bold use of color and emotionally charged works.

Bauhaus and Modernism: 10. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944): A prominent artist and theorist, Kandinsky was associated with the Bauhaus school and is considered one of the pioneers of abstract art.

11. Paul Klee (1879-1940): Klee was another influential Bauhaus artist known for his abstract and innovative approach to art, blending elements of Surrealism, Expressionism, and Cubism.

Contemporary Art: 12. Gerhard Richter (b. 1932): Richter is one of the most prominent contemporary German artists. His work spans various styles and media, from photorealistic paintings to abstract compositions.

13. Anselm Kiefer (b. 1945): Kiefer is known for his large-scale, often provocative works that explore themes of history, mythology, and memory.