Bauhaus (1919-1933):

• The Bauhaus school, founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar, was a pioneering movement that combined art, craftsmanship, and technology. It aimed to create functional and minimalist designs.
• Bauhaus principles emphasized simplicity, geometric shapes, and the use of modern materials.
• Notable Bauhaus architects and artists include Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Wassily Kandinsky.
• Iconic Bauhaus buildings, such as the Bauhaus Dessau and the Masters' Houses, still stand as examples of the movement's architectural influence.

Expressionism (Early 20th Century):

• Expressionist architecture in Germany was characterized by dynamic forms, unusual shapes, and a rejection of traditional norms.
• Notable examples include the Einstein Tower in Potsdam and the Staatstheater in Wiesbaden.

Modernism and Functionalism (1920s-1930s):

• Besides the Bauhaus, modernist and functionalist movements played a significant role in German architecture.
• Architects like Erich Mendelsohn and Hans Scharoun contributed to the development of modernist architecture with buildings like the Schocken Department Store in Stuttgart and the Shell-Haus in Berlin.

Post-War Reconstruction (1940s-1950s):

• After World War II, Germany faced extensive reconstruction efforts. Modernist and functionalist designs influenced post-war architecture.
• Examples include the Hansaviertel in Berlin, a showcase of modernist architecture from the 1957 Interbau exhibition.

Brutalism (1950s-1970s):

• Brutalist architecture gained popularity in Germany, with its use of raw concrete, bold geometric shapes, and a focus on function.
• Notable examples include the Berliner Bierpinsel and the Hamburg University of Economics and Politics.

Contemporary Trends (Late 20th Century-Present):

• Germany's contemporary architecture scene is marked by a diverse range of styles and influences.
• Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frei Otto's work in lightweight and sustainable structures has been influential.
• Sustainable and green architecture is a growing trend, with many architects incorporating eco-friendly elements into their designs.
• Iconic contemporary buildings include the Allianz Arena in Munich, designed by Herzog & de Meuron, and the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, designed by Herzog & de Meuron.

Street Art and Graffiti:

• Germany has a thriving street art and graffiti scene, with cities like Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne featuring vibrant street art culture.
• The East Side Gallery in Berlin, a section of the Berlin Wall covered in murals, is a notable example of street art's impact on urban spaces.

Art Movements:

• German artists have played significant roles in various art movements, including Expressionism, Dadaism (with figures like Kurt Schwitters), and the contemporary art scene with artists like Gerhard Richter and Anselm Kiefer.